Calculation of a Population Externality

Providing Optimal Pricing Model for Urban Bus Services (Tehran Case Study)

Utilities and services can be divided into two types of public and private goods in terms of the nature of pricing. Urban bus services are pure private goods that have positive externality. The Mohering effect is one of the most important externality of bus services, which in fact justifies the philosophy and nature of subsidies by the municipality and the government. In this study, monetary ca...

Spatial externalities and the stability of interacting populations near the center of a large area.

In this paper we analyze the spatial dynamics of a class of systems in which many agents continually reassess decisions of where to locate in a given region. Each agent gives rise to an externality whose impact diffuses to other agents. Thus every agent experiences a composite of externalities emitted by other agents. We term this composite a spatial externality. On the one hand, the level of t...

A Differential Oligopoly Game with Sticky Prices and Environmental Externality

When Do We Feel Sorry for Others? : An Externality of Lake Use as an Example

The purpose of the study was to verify, through the use of an experimental method, the assumption that the ‘economic human’ pays more attention to the externality he/she causes as the strength of externality increases. We used a social-experiment design within an undergraduate classroom to test assumptions, using statistical method. A lakeside plant was used as an example. Our results confirmed...

Global Warming and the Population Externality

We calculate the harm a birth imposes on others when greenhouse gas emissions are a problem and a cap limits emissions damage. This negative population externality, which equals the corrective Pigovian tax on having a child, is substantial in calibrations. In our base case, the Pigovian tax is 21 percent of a parent’s lifetime income in steady state and 5 percent of lifetime income immediately ...